海运货损赔偿责任规则的变迁:从《汉堡规则》到《鹿特丹规则》——兼论我国海商法相关条款的修改

Change of Liability Rules of Marine Cargo Damage Compensation from Hamburg Rules to Rotterdam Rules and Analyze the Modification of Related Articles of China Maritime Law

海运货损赔偿责任规则因关涉船货双方的核心利益而历来成为国际海上货物运输公约所关注的焦点。然确立何种海运货损赔偿责任规则一直比较棘手,1978年《汉堡规则》确立"瓦里斯库拉原则"后,国际社会对其变革一直没有停止。《鹿特丹规则》确立了"严格区分责任原则"。中国海商法下海运货损赔偿责任规则因极易引发法律纠纷而亟需修改,但短期内中国海商法改采"严格区分责任原则"的可能性不大,比较适宜的选择是适当改良"瓦里斯库拉原则"。

Due to Marine cargo damage regard the core interests of compensation have become both shipowner and cargo the focus of international owner, liability rules of marine cargo transport conventions. However, it is relatively difficult to set fixed rules of cargo damage compensation liability, international society has never stopped the reformation of Vallescura Rule after Hamburg Rules founded it in 1978. Rotterdam Rules established the ＇Strict Liability Distinction Principle＇. It is urgent to modify China Maritime Law because of Marine cargo damage compensation liability rules is easy to cause legal disputes. Nonetheless, regarding the possibility to adopt Strict Liability Distinction Principle is not much, it is proper for China Maritime Law to reform Vallescura Rule in some extent.