儿童社区获得性肺炎病原学研究进展

Research progress on etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children

社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是儿童最常见的疾病,在我国是5岁以下小儿死亡的主要原因。常见病原包括细菌、病毒及非典型病原(支原体、衣原体、军团菌等)。肺炎链球菌是引起儿童CAP的最主要细菌病原,呼吸道合胞病毒是最常见病毒病原。儿童年龄越小病毒感染的可能性越大,住院时间越长细菌感染的比率随之增高,儿童CAP病原分布随国家、地区、时代不同而有很大差异。动态了解当地呼吸道感染的主要病原和各年龄组患儿感染病原的主要种类,既可以协助临床诊断和治疗,还对当地区疾病预防控制工作中采取针对性预防措施具有重要的指导意义。

Community-acquired pneumonia（CAP） is one of the most common childhood diseases,which is the main reason causes death in children under 5 years old.The common pathogens,which induces CAP,includes bacteria,viruses and atypical pathogens（mycoplasma,chlamydia,legionella）.Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important bacterial pathogen,and respiratory syncytial virus is the most common viral pathogen.The age of children is negatively correlated with viral infection,while hospitalization length is positively correlated with the ratio of the bacterial infection.Children CAP distribution varies significantly in different countries,districts and periods.Closely monitoring of major pathogens of local respiratory infections and categories of pathogens of children patients in different age groups not only helps to assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment,but also to guide targeted prevention measures adoption in local disease control.