《夷坚志》中的“乡民”描写及其文化阐释

Descriptions of Ancient Villagers and Interpretation of Culture in Yi Jian Zhi

在以往的中国古代小说研究中,我们的关注主要集中在市民视角上,而基本忽视了对乡民故事的考察。南宋洪迈的文言小说集《夷坚志》中乡民人物类型众多,故事题材丰富,可谓中国古代小说乡民描写之集大成者。具体分析这些有关乡民的作品,不仅可以看出在传统农业社会中人口基数最大的这部分人的生存状态,而且可以进一步探讨我国民间社会的教化观、信仰观和道德伦理观。

The previous study of Chinese classical novels concentrates on the rural residents instead of villagers and their life.But Yi Jian Zhi written by Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty covers a range of villager types and different story styles.It absorbs the pith of novels in classical Chinese and can be regarded as a collection of description of ancient villagers.By analyzing Yi Jian Zhi,we can get a knowledge of the living status of villagers who counted the majority of residents in traditional agricultural society,and probe into the enlightenment,faith and ethnics of the folk people.