实践活动、交往行动与实践过程的合理性——兼议哈贝马斯的交往行动理论

Practice,Communicative Action,and the Rationality of Process of Practice:With a Review on Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action

从宏观的层面看,人的实践活动展开为不同的形态。以多样的领域为背景,实践活动本身呈现不同的特点。与本然的存在相异,实践活动既关乎对象与人之间的互动,也涉及人与人之间的关系,相应于此,以对象的变革为内容的活动与基于人与人之间关系的交往,也往往彼此交错。作为自觉的行动过程,实践活动的展开本身面临合理性或理性化的问题,后者不仅与对象相涉,而且关乎实践主体。与实践对象及实践主体的具体性相应,实践活动的合理性或理性化也包含多重内涵。在广义的视域中,实践过程的合理性或理性化既表现为合乎"当然"与"必然",又展开为"情"与"理"的互动和交融。

Human practices are manifested as various processes.Under different backgrounds,practices involve not only the relationship between subjects and objects,but also that of inter-subjects.Accordingly there is interaction between the activities which direct to changing objects and the communicative action which performs among human beings.As conscious actions,practices are confronted with the issue of rationality which involves both objects and subjects.In the realm of practice,the meaning of rationality does not entail mere one dimension.In the broad sense the rationality of practice lay in both the aspect of Qing(the reasonable or reality and feeling) and that of the rational.