沈阳市和平区幼儿园儿童健康状况

Health condition of children in the kindergartens of Heping District in Shenyang City

目的了解沈阳市和平区幼儿园儿童生长发育以及患病情况,为应对儿童健康状况变化、明确儿童保健工作重点、提高儿童保健水平提供依据。方法对2007—2011年幼儿园儿童健康检查资料及园所儿童卫生保健报表数据进行统计分析。描述肥胖、营养不良以及其他儿童常见病、听力障碍的患病情况,比较其时间变化趋势。结果幼儿园5岁以下儿童的肥胖率由4.08%增高至5.84%,总体呈上升趋势(χ2=16.95,P<0.05);营养不良率有一定波动,但控制在较低水平。儿童腹泻率存在上升趋势,2011年达到1.26%,明显高于往年水平。7岁以下儿童贫血率出现不稳定的特征;龋齿、近视、佝偻病患病率下降趋势明显,分别降至2011年的26.84%、5.20%、0.04%。听力障碍的患病率总体保持在较低水平。结论在开展园所儿童保健工作中应高度重视肥胖的预防和控制。在营养不良、腹泻、贫血方面不应有所松懈,应继续开展听力筛查。

[ Objective ] To understand the growth status and prevalence rate among children in the kindergartens of Heping District in Shenyang City, provide a basis for coping with the changes of health condition of children, find out the emphasis of child health care and improving the level of child health care. [ Methods] The health examination data and child health care reports in kindergar- tens from 2007-2011 were analyzed. The prevalence rate of obesity, audition, malnutrition and other common childhood diseases were described, and the trend changes were compared. [ Results ] The prevalence of obesity in children under 5 years old increased from 4.08% to 5.84%, which showed a rising trend （ X2 = 16.95, P 〈0.05 ）. The prevalence of malnutrition was instability, but it had been controlled at a low level. The prevalence of diarrhea increased, and that reached 1.26% in 2011, which significantly higher than that in past yeas. The prevalence of anemia among children under 7 years old had the characteristics of instability. The prevalence of saprodontia, myopia and rickets decreased obviously, and that was respectively 26.84%, 5.20% and 0.04% in 2011. The prevalence of hearing impairment was low. [ Conclusion] It is necessary to pay great attention to the prevention and con- trol of obesity in the child health care in kindergarten. The prevention of malnutrition, anemia and diarrhea should be further strengthened, and the hearing screening needs to be improved.