礼与法:二程重构政治秩序的双重路径

Rite and Law:A Dual Path to Reconstruct Political Order for Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi

二程礼学思想继承儒家以礼治国的政治理念,主张将礼的原则精神和制度规范运用到政治领域,实现礼在改造现实社会秩序时的政治功用。同时,二程既注重礼治教化,又高度重视刑罚法律在维护社会稳定和秩序、避免社会动荡和危机时发挥的强制性作用。在二程的政治哲学中,一方面提出了"礼治本于人性"的哲理化主张,从人的天性入手解决礼治的内在基础问题,进而逐步使"礼"由一种外在的仪式升华为本己的、内在的自觉意识;另一方面将礼与法之间的紧张关系转化为教化为本、刑政为辅的主次关系。由此,二程的政治哲学在实践层面完成了礼与法的动态结合,在国家政治运作过程中时时处处彰显着礼法之间的体用关系,成为后来影响中国政治思想的重要源流。

Inheriting Confucian thought of rule of virtue, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi advocated that the principles of rite should be applied in political field to change social order and realize political function. Meanwhile, they also emphasized the function of law to maintain social stability and avoid social turmoil. In their political philosophy,Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi suggested to solve the basic problems in rule of virtue based on human nature on the one hand, on the other hand they had changed the relationship between rite and law into one emphasizing education,putting punishment into a secondary position. Thus, they had succeeded in combining rite and law in political administration, which is an important source influencing Chinese political thoughts.