1947年英国《总体战略计划》述评

Review On British "Overall Strategy Plan" in 1947

《总体战略计划》表明,英国不仅在1946年底确认苏联为主要的潜在敌人,而且在1947年夏确立了独立对抗苏联的"三个支柱"战略。但是,英国不具备全面实施该战略的经济实力,需要联合美国对抗苏联,这是英国倡议并推动建立"大西洋联盟"的主要原因。同时,英苏对抗为主逐渐扩大为东西方两大阵营的对抗。因此,在冷战阵营形成过程中,英国经历了从独立对抗苏联到联合西方对抗东方的转变过程,并从独立对抗苏联的主角转变为西方对抗东方的配角。研究《总体战略计划》有利于从英国防务战略这一新视角揭示冷战起源问题。

As shown on The Overall Strategy Plan, the British government not only confirmed the Soviet Union as the main potential enemy at the end of 1946, hut also approved the ＂Three-Pillars＂ strategy to stand up to this great power by herself early in the summer of 1947. However, the United Kingdom lacked the economic strength of overall implementing the strategy and need to ally herself with the United States of America to confront the threat of Soviet Union, which was the United Kingdom＇s main motive for initiating and promoting ＂the Atlantic Alliance＂. At the same time, the major confrontation between the United Kingdom and Soviet Union gradually expanded to the Cold War blocs. In conclusion, there was a transformation for the United Kingdom from confronting Soviet Union independently to doing it jointly in the formation of the Cold War blocs. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom descended from a leading role to a junior one. It is helpful for exploring the origins of the Cold War to study The Overall Strategy Plan in the new perspective of the United Kingdom defense strategy.