近三十年来的清代育婴慈善事业研究——以育婴堂为中心

A Study of Foundling Philanthropic Work of Qing Dynasty in the Past Three Decades——Centered on the Foundling Hospital

清代的育婴堂是统治者极力倡导,官绅、民众积极参与设立的专门哺育和照顾溺婴或弃婴的一种慈善机构。近三十年来,学界就清代育婴堂的形成时间、形成过程、数量及地域分布、内部的经费筹措、资金管理等方面作了大量的实证研究。就研究范式而言,主要从国家与社会层面探讨官、民、士绅三者之间的关系,虽然这些研究取得了一定的成效,但仍有进一步研究之必要。

Foundling hospitals in Qing dynasty which specialized in feeding and caring infanticide or foundlings were charitable organizations, strongly advocated by the rulers and having active involvement of officers, gentries and the masses. A large quantities of empirical researches have been made in academia for its formation time, the process, the quantity, geographical distribution, internal financing and fund management for the past three decades. As far as the research paradigm is concerned, the relationship is analyzed among officials, commoners and gentries mainly from the perspective of the state and the society. It is necessary for the further researches although some achieve- ments have been made.