移民、善堂与地方权力结构——以清代巴县至善堂为例

On Immigrants,Charity Hall and Local Power Structure——A Case Study of the Supreme Charity Hall in Ba County of the Qing Dynasty

清代的巴县是以移民与移民后裔为主的城市。善堂在地方社会中不仅扮演着移民团体自我救济、互相帮助的角色,同时也是移民团体扩大在地方社会中影响力的有力方式。透过善堂,移民商人找到了进入地方权力网络的路径。本文通过对清代巴县至善堂的考察,力图揭示出善堂在移民商人与地方社会中的中介作用。同时,也勾勒出善堂在移民为主体的地方社会中的独特运行模式。

During the Qing Dynasty, Ba County was a city mainly composed of immigrants and their descendants. In the local society, charity halls not only played the function of self relief and mutual aid, but also became one of the powerful ways which immigration communities expanded their influences. Through charity hall, immigration mer- chants found an access to entering the local power network. This article investigates the Supreme Charity Hall in Ba County during the Qing dynasty, attempting to reveal the intermediary role of the charity halls between immigration merchants and local society. This article also outlines the unique operation pattern of charity halls in local societies dominated by immigrants.