非洲教育区域化发展战略及其对中非教育合作的政策意义

Regionalized Development Strategies of Africa Education and its Implication in the Policies of China-Africa Education Cooperation

《非洲教育"二.十"行动计划》、《非洲高等教育一体化战略》等非洲教育区域化发展战略,随着非洲一体化进程的推进而不断涌现。这些战略出自全洲性、次区域性的政府间组织以及区域性非政府的各种教育专业组织。非盟泛非大学的启动、西非经济和货币联盟理事会学位制度改革方案的通过、东非共同体卓越中心的创立、东部与南部非洲教育质量检测联盟活动的开展等,都体现了这些战略的重要举措。这些战略的特点表现为:能力建设主题突出,内部驱动组织多样,外部参与组织强大,阻碍因素特殊。中国政府对非教育合作需强化以下对象:非洲政府间组织、非洲区域性非政府教育专业组织以及非洲之外国际组织;合作的途径除了援建学校、提供奖学金名额、培训人力资源外,还可以包括积极参与这些组织发展战略的讨论、制定、落实和评估;合作的项目应更多地涉及教学、科研和教育管理的能力建设,并让富有中国特色的教育观念、教材、教学方法和经验,在非洲发挥应有的作用,为非洲教育提供西方模式之外的参考。

The development strategies of regionalization of education in Africa, such as Second Decade of Education for Africa（2006-2015 ）, Plan of Action and Harmonization of Higher Education Programmes in Africa：A Strategy for the African Union, emerge constantly along with Africa＇s integration process. These strategies came out of intergovernmental organizations of the whole continent or sub-regions of Africa, and various non-governmental professional organizations. Pan-African University launched by the African Union, the degree system reform pro- gram passed by the West African Economic and Monetary Union Council, the center of excellence established by the East African community, and so on, all reflect the important measures of these strategies. The characteristics of these strategies are ： strategic themes highlighting the ability construction, diversity of the organizations accelerating regionalization in Africa, strong participation of organizations outside Africa, and special challenges Africa faced. The cooperation of Chinese government with Africa should strengthen the following objects ： African inter- governmental organizations, African non-government regional and professional organizations in education field, even African international organization out of Africa. The approaches of cooperation should not only include build- ing schools, providing scholarships, training human resources, but also actively participating in discussing, formulating, implementing and evaluating these strategies. The projects of the cooperation should involve more and more in the building of ability in teaching, research and education management, and bring some concepts of education, teaching materials, teaching methods and experience, with rich Chinese characteristics, to play a essential role in Africa, provide a reference out of the Western model for Africa education.