经学文献的衍生和通俗化——以近古时代的传刻为中心

Derivation and Popularity of Confucian Classic Documents ——Their Circulating and Block Printing from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty

近古时代,经学文献在流传和刊刻过程中,不断衍生出新的不同类型、不同级次的文献,并表现出民间化、通俗化的倾向。通过对相关著录及见存版本实物的考察,可知经学文献的变异和衍生无不是在传刻过程中通过内容重编、体式改造来实现的,这在"正经注疏"和"五经四书"两个主干系统中表现得尤为明显、充分,而直接的驱动力就是科举考试的推广和雕版印刷的发达。同时,近古经学文献还表现出多元化、多样化的倾向,两大主干系统之外,仍然有其他系统或其他载体的存在。而中日两国经学文献的流播,也是经学文献衍生的一个真实侧面和特殊形态,反映了文献流传的双向轨迹和学术思想的交互影响。

From the Song Dynasty to the Qi new types of documents at different levels, ng Dynasty, Confucian classic documents continued to evolve into showing a tendency of popularity in the course of circulating and block printing. By observing the related writings of catalogue books, existing edition materials, we know that the variation and derivation of Confucian classic documents were accomplished by context re-editing and format reconstructing in the course of circulating and block printing. This phenomenon was fully and evidently manifested in the main systems of Thirteen Classics Explanatory Notes and The Five Classics and the Four Books. Its direct driving force was the extension of imperial examinations and the widespread use of block printing. At the same time, Confucian classic documents from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty also showed the tendency of pluralism and diversity, with the existence of other systems and carriers. Furthermore, the spreading and circulating of Confucian classic documents between China and Japan were another actual aspect and special form produced by Confucian classic documentation, which reflected the two-way circulating trajectory of Confucian classic documents and the interactive influence of academic thought.