有色金属冶炼污染场地土壤和地下水污染特征研究

Characteristics of Soil and Groundwater Pollution in Non-ferrous Metal Smelting Plants

对广州某有色金属冶炼厂及周边区域的土壤和地下水重金属和其他污染物进行了监测,结果表明:与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)中Ⅱ级标准(pH 6.5～7.5)标准相比,部分样品超过土壤Ⅲ级标准,说明冶炼厂周边土地土壤受Hg的污染严重,已不适合耕种.在部分采样点发现尽管地下水受COD污染,重金属指标仍满足《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-93)Ⅲ类要求;结合土壤与地下水监测结果来看,重金属污染物还未对地下水造成危害,但仍需要进行长期的监测以判断重金属在污染场地中的迁移机理与过程,为污染场地修复与地下水污染防治提供必要的技术支持.

To understand the characteristics of soil and groundwater pollution in a non-ferrous smelting plant in Guangzhou, a survey of 13 soil and 5 groundwater samples was conducted. By the upper limit of the contents for heavy metals of China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils （ GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ） , the results show that compared with the soil standard, there exists serious pollution of Hg in soil samples, and that the concentration of Hg among the samples is even higher than the soil level Ⅲ stand- ard, which indicates that the areas around the smelting plant are no longer suitable for farming. Though COD pollution exists in some groundwater samples, heavy metal indicators still meet the groundwater quality standard （GB/T 14848-93 ） class m requirements. The soil and groundwater monitoring results show that the heavy metals of the smelting plant have not yet been transferred to groundwater. However, long-term monitoring still needs to be conducted to determine the mechanism and process of migration of heavy metals in contaminated sites. The research helps to provide necessary technical support for the re- mediation of contaminated sites and prevention of groundwater pollution.