口袋罪的时代变迁、当前乱象与消减思路

The Historical Changes,Current Chaos,and Reduction Idea of Catch All Crime

口袋罪是一个法律概念也是一个历史概念,从罪刑擅断时期到罪刑法定时期,口袋罪的演变映射出其时代背景和特征;作为一种司法现象,中国当前的罪名"口袋化"现象日益严重,"口袋化"的罪名既有历史遗留,也有新生罪名,呈现出司法乱象,甚至出现了口袋罪之间的罪名选用竞争。罪名"口袋化"现象不是中国的独有现象,但是,它已经成为影响中国法治进程的一种不良司法现象。不同的法律传统和司法氛围会催生不同的口袋罪,但控制和消减口袋罪是中西方法学界的共识,消减口袋罪的中国思路,应当包括立法和司法两个侧面的并重和兼顾。

Catch all crime is both a legal concept and a historical concept.From the period of arbitrariness on punishment to the nulla poena sine lege,the evolution of catch all crime reflects its era background and characteristics.As a kind of judicial phenomenon,the tendency of transforming into catch all crime is getting serious,and it concludes the accusation left over by history as well as the newly emerged,which has led to judicial chaos and even has caused the competition of choosing catch all crime.This is not unique to China,but it has become the most dangerous judicial phenomenon that influences our process of rule of law.Different legal tradition and judicial atmosphere create various catch all crimes,and the reduction of it,however,is the common view of Chinese and Western law.The Chinese way of reducting catch all crime should lay equal stress on both legislative and judicial aspect.