刑法分则规定之明知:以表现犯为解释进路

Knowledge in Miscellaneous Provisions of Criminal Law:Basing on the Explanation of Expressive Crime

在围绕关于奸淫幼女的司法解释的争议中,刑法分则规定的明知与刑法总则规定的明知之区分并未引起足够重视。在对德国及日本刑法学界关于主观违法要素理论的态度作了梳理之后,需要明确,有必要接受表现犯的概念,并以此作为刑法分则规定之明知的解释进路。根据表现犯的逻辑,刑法分则规定的明知是主观违法要素,同时也是主观的构成要件要素,而刑法总则规定的明知则是责任要素。因此,没有刑法分则规定的明知是欠缺违法性,而没有刑法总则规定的明知是在具备违法性的前提下缺乏有责性。刑法分则规定的明知已经不是一般意义上的认知问题,而是一个反真实的问题。在认定刑法分则规定的明知的时候,必须从确切性认识的意义上去把握其内容,并注重运用推定的方法。

On the disputation of the judicial interpretation of defiling underage girl,the attention does not fully be payed to the differences of the knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions and the general provisions of criminal law.After hackling the attitudes to the subjective illegal elements in the science of criminal law in Germany and Japan,the concept of expressive crime should be accepted. And it also should be adopted as analysis implements of the knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions.Based on the logic of expressive crime,the knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions of criminal law is subjective illegal elements as well as the subjective constitutive requirements elements.But the the knowledge stipulated in the general provisions of criminal law is reprehensible elements.Without the knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions,it is not illegal.However,without the knowledge stipulated in the general provisions,it is illegal but not reprehensible.The knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions is not the cognition in general meaning,but the counter—reality.When recognise the knowledge stipulated in the miscellaneous provisions,we should grasp the contents of the knowledge in the sense of exact cognition and use the presumption.