细胞外基质在长段气管病损治疗中的应用与研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Extracellular Matrix in Long Segmental Tracheal Defect

气管的病损超过一定的长度则需要进行气管移植。传统采用天然组织和自体组织替代气管,因局部感染、气管狭窄、气管软化和免疫排斥反应等因素均未能获得良好的疗效。近年来,组织工程气管的出现为气管移植提供了新的思路,但选择理想的细胞外基质用于构建组织工程气管尚未达成统一的意见。目前,在气管组织工程领域研究和应用的细胞外基质主要包括同种异体气管基质、同种异体主动脉基质和生物复合材料。采用不同方法获得的同种异体基质及生物复合材料各具有其优势及劣势。本文主要针对细胞外基质在长段气管病损治疗中的应用、研究进展及未来前景进行综述。

Patients with pathological tracheal loss more than a certain length may need tracheal transplantation. Traditional natural tissue and autologous tissue have failed to produce satisfactory clinical outcomes to replace the trachea because of local infection, tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, immune rejection et al. In recent years, the emergence of tissue engineering trachea provides a new idea for tracheal transplantation. But scientists have not yet reached a consensus about how to choose ideal extracellular matrix to construct tissue engineering trachea. At present research and application of tissue engineering trachea, extracellular matrices mainly include allogenic trachea, allogenic aorta and biological composite materials. Each allogenic matrix or biological composite material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this article mainly summarizes recent application and research progress of extracellular matrix in long segmental tracheal defect and its future perspective.