基于湿建材VOCs散发测试的室内空气质量标准探讨

Discussion of Indoor Air Quality Standards Based on Measuring and Analysis of VOCs Emission Characteristics of Hygroscopic Building Materials

为研究我国与国外相关室内空气标准中所控制VOCs指标的合理性,本文选取了5类常见的湿建材(内墙涂料、木器漆、防水涂料、胶粘剂、环氧地坪)共15种样品作为测试对象,在小型环境测试舱内测量样品的甲醛和TVOC散发率,并进行定性、定量分析。实验结果表明,湿建材的甲醛散发率比较低,内墙涂料、木器漆、万能胶、环氧地坪的TVOC散发率较高。进一步的分析显示,内墙涂料所散发的VOCs中不包含受控的挥发性有机污染物,而在其它湿建材测试中,甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯等高风险物质均被不同程度地检出,这表明TVOC散发率与湿建材的健康风险没有直接联系,我国相关室内空气质量标准中使用的TVOC限值有一定的局限性。

In this paper,in order to study the rationalization of controlled VOCs indicators of indoor air quality standards at home and abroad,15 samples from 5 types of common hygroscopic building materials （interior wall paint, wood lacquer, waterproof paint,adhesive and epoxy floor） were selected as the test objects,formaldehyde and TVOC emission of samples in a micro-environment test chamber were measured and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. The test results demonstrated that formaldehyde emission of hygroscopic building materials was relatively low,while the TVOC emission of interior wall paint, wood lacquer,waterproof paint,adhesive and epoxy floor was relatively high. Further analysis indicated that VOCs from interior wall paint did not contain controlled volatile organic pollutants, while testing other hygroscopic building materials, more or less high-risk substances such as toluene,dimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene were detected, meaning that there was no direct relationship between TVOC emission and health risks of hygroscopic building materials. Therefore TVOC limits in related indoor air quality standards in our country was of somewhat limitation.