我国天山自然条件的基本特点

BASIC PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIANSHAN MOUNTAIN,CHINA

本文利用大量实地观测分析资料,论述了我国天山地区的自然条件,特别是气候、水文、垂直地貌带和自然景观的基本特征。表明我国天山山地这一湿岛在干旱区的重要地位及在发展绿洲经济中的作用。

The development and evolution of the Tianshan Mountain went through three stages:fold uplift in the Palaeozoic Era,denudation planation in the Mesozoic Era to the Early Tertiary,and fault-block uplift in the Late Tertiary to the Early Quaternary. The distribution pattern of precipitation in the Tianshan Mountain is that precipitation in the west part is more than that in the east part; the north slope more than the south slope;and the interior more than the outer fringe.The pattern of temper ature distribution has an opposite pattern. There are 210 rivers,big or small,in the Tianshan Mountain area. All of them are inland rivers.And most of them originate from glaci- ers and alpine snow cover area.The distribution of annual runoff volume present a large yearly variation,and a small interyearly varia- tion. The vertical belts of mountainous geomorphology and landscape are all obvious,but the landscape belts of the south slope greatly differ from that of the north slope.