西方学者关于近代早期英国农民生活水平研究

A Review of Western Scholars on Early Modern British Peasants' Standard of Living

本文对近代早期英国农民生活水平研究进行评介。首先分析20世纪以来近代早期英国农民生活水平的研究进程。与此同时,在研究上呈现以下新特点:在研究方法上,逐渐摒弃传统史学方法,开始注重跨学科方法的运用;在研究内容上,把近代早期英国农村生活水平与近代早期英国经济、阶级结构等结合起来考察,从近代英国社会的变迁来分析英国农民生活水平的变化;在研究视角上,逐渐采用"自下而上"方法分析下层群体的生活。其次分析了近代早期英国农民生活水平研究中的一些重大问题:农民阶层生活水平分化问题;人口陷阱与农民生活水平的关系问题;以及农业生产与农民生活水平问题。此外本文还分析了近代早期英国农民生活水平研究的缺陷。

This is an introduction to the study of early modern British peasants＇ standard of living. First-ly, this article has analyzed the research process of the early modern British peasants＇ living standards, and sketched such new characters of research as the use of an interdisciplinary approach, the method of ＂looking from below＂ and analysis early modern British peasants＇ standard of living from the changes of British econo-my and the class structure. Secondly, the article has analyzed some major issue in the research of early modern British peasants＇ standard of living as follows： the division of peasants＇ standard of living, the relationship be-tween the population trap and peasants＇ living standards and as well as agricultural production and peasants＇ living standards. In addition, the article has the research defects of early modern British peasants＇ living stan-dards.