矫正正义:侵权责任正当性论证的必要条件

Corrective Justice: the Essential Condition for Justifying the Liability of a Tort

所有调整责任和惩罚的规范都是矫正正义规范,因此侵权法规范本身就是矫正正义规范。矫正正义的道德规范是矫正正义的侵权法规范的正当性基础,矫正正义的侵权法规范如果违背了矫正正义的道德规范,就会自己使自己无效;遵守基础规范的义务和实施了侵权行为后的矫正义务之间存在原因上的连贯性;因此,可以说矫正正义是侵权责任正当性论证的必要条件,任何不以矫正正义为基础的强加侵权责任的法律规范都是不正义的。但是,矫正正义对于侵权责任的正当性论证——特别在侵权责任大小方面——并不充分,侵权责任的正当性论证还需要功利主义理论补充。

The norms of tort law are corrective justice norms,because all rules for regulating liability and punishment are corrective justice norms.The moral norms of corrective justice are the foundations to justify the rules of tort law.Because the rules will be self-defeated if they violate the moral norms of corrective justice,and there is a coherence between the reason of obligations of abiding by the basic regulations and the reason of obligations of correcting wrongs,it could be said that corrective justice is the essential condition to justify the liability of tort,and any rules of tort law which impose the liability of tort without the base of corrective justice are injustice.On the other side,corrective justice is not sufficient condition to justify the tort law especially in the quantity of li ability,so the theory of utilitarian should be needed to supplement it.