青海省农村居民膳食特点及对慢病防控意义的研究

The effects of dietary on non-communicable chronic diseases in rural residents of Qinghai province in China

目的了解青海省农村居民膳食结构特点,为进一步开展慢性病的干预提供科学依据。方法采用典型抽样调查方法,于2010年5月对青海省平安县2个自然村所有18岁及以上人群进行调查,利用食物频率法询问个体主要食物摄入频率和摄入量,同时采用家庭称重法对60户家庭的食盐和油脂消费量进行调查。结果对比中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐量,908名调查对象谷类薯类及杂豆、畜禽肉类、蛋类每日人均摄入量分别为621.91、90.50和29.56g;奶类及奶制品、大豆类及坚果每日人均摄入量分别为60.48、31.21g;鱼虾类每日人均摄入量为2.75g;调查对象新鲜蔬菜和水果每日食用率分别为89.65%和10.90%,人均摄入量分别为262.75、44.23g,蔬菜和水果摄入量低于膳食宝塔建议量的比例分别71.81%和96.70%;调查家庭中人均食盐和烹调油摄入量分别为12.62、65.52g。结论青海省农村被调查居民膳食结构呈"三高一低"的特点,即高盐、高油、高畜禽肉类和低蔬菜水果类摄入,是典型的慢性病高风险膳食。为有效预防和控制慢性病的发生发展,建议针对西部农村地区人群特点,提供有针对性的膳食改善、健康教育和适宜干预技术和措施以及政策支持,以促进农村居民健康膳食和健康生活方式的形成,从长远的角度预防和控制农村居民慢性病。

Objective To investigate the characteristic of dietary in rural residents of Qinghai province in China and provide the bases for preventing non-communicable chronic diseases （NCD）. Methods A cross-sectional and typical sampling method was used in present study. The dietary patterns of rural residents （ I〉 18 years old） were investigated with food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） and food weighted record during 2010. Also the consumed salt and edible oil a day in 60 families were recorded. Results On the basis of Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intakes, in 908 subjects the mean intake levels of cereals, meats and eggs were 621.91, 90.50 and 29.56 g a day, the mean intake levels of dairy and legumes were 60.48 and 31.21 g a day, the mean intake level of fishery products was 2.75 g a day. The mean intake levels of vegetables and fruits were 262.75 and 44.23 g, the mean intake rates of vegetables and fruits were 89.65% and 10.90%, which were lower than those of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intakes. The mean consumed salt and edible oil were 12.62 and 65.52 g a day. Conclusion The dietary characteristic of rural residents in Qinghai province is high salt intake, high edible oil intake and high meat intake, but low vegetable and fruit intake, which is a typical dietary with high risk of NCD. In order to control NCD, the dietary pattern should be improved, the health education, intervention measures shouldbe provided for the rural residents in western part of China.