如何培育健康的历史意识——试论德国历史教科书中的二战历史叙述

On the Narratives of the World War Ⅱ in the Textbooks of Germany

历史教科书肩负有塑造国家与民族之回忆文化的职责。德国历史教科书中的第二次世界大战历史叙述经历了多种变化,这些变化历程也反映了二战后德国政治文化的变迁进程。德国当代历史教科书着眼于培养年轻一代的罪责意识,通过集体罪责的分层化、消融化、当下化和立体化,试图建构年轻一代健康的历史意识。"历史意识"已经成为德国当代历史教学中的核心理念。

History textbooks take the responsibility of shaping memory culture of countries and nations.Narrative of the Second World War in German history book experienced various changes which reflect progress of German political culture after war.The contemporary textbook focuses on cultivating the guilt consciousness of younger generation.It tries to build a healthy historical consciousness for younger generation by stratification,ablation,visualization of collective guilt.Historical consciousness has been the key concept in the German modern history didactic.