汕头市农村地区2～7岁儿童营养及贫血状况调查

Epidemiologic survey of physical development and nutritional anemia in toddlers and preschool children in rural regions of Shantou city

目的了解汕头市农村2～7岁儿童的营养及贫血状况。方法以2012年1月～5月广东省汕头市581名2～7岁农村儿童作为调查对象,测量身高、体重等体格发育指标,同时抽取其静脉血检测血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁蛋白、血清铁、血清叶酸及维生素B12。结果汕头市农村地区2～7岁儿童生长迟缓率为7.8%,低体重率为4.2%,消瘦率为2.5%,超重率为4.1%,肥胖率为1.2%。生长迟缓、低体重与消瘦的患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(趋势χ2检验,P值均<0.05)。贫血患病率为6.9%,大年龄组(5～7岁)贫血患病率高于小年龄组(2～4岁)(P<0.01)。血清铁蛋白降低率为4.7%,血清铁缺乏率为13.6%,血清叶酸缺乏率为0.9%、边缘性缺乏率为13.3%,血清维生素B12缺乏率为0.5%、边缘性缺乏率为1.7%。贫血组血清铁平均浓度显著低于非贫血组(P<0.01),血清铁缺乏组贫血患病率显著高于血清铁正常组[OR=3.9(95%CI:2.0～7.9),P<0.01]。结论汕头市农村地区2～7岁儿童营养及贫血控制情况较理想,但仍有一定进步空间。可通过加强向家长和教师宣传营养保健知识,改善儿童膳食结构,来进一步提高儿童健康水平。

Objective To investigate the nutrition and anemia status in toddlers and preschool children in rural regions of Shantou city located in eastern Guangdong province. Methods Five hundred and eighty-one children （aged 2 to 7 years ） living in the rural areas of Shantou city were enrolled randomly in this cross-sectional epidemiologic survey. Physical indices including height, weight, and blood biochemical Parameters of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum iron, folic acid and vitamin B t2 were measured in order to evaluate the status of nutrition and anemia. Results The overall incidence of stunting,underweight, wasting, overweight and obesity were 7. 8%, 4. 2%, 2. 5%, 4. 1% and 1.2%, respectively. The incidence of stunting, underweight and wasting increased with the age （ Trend Chi-square tests, P 〈 0. 05）. The overall incidence of anemia was 6.9% with higher rate in older group （aged 2 to 4 years） than that in younger group （ aged 5 to 7 years） （ P 〈0. 01 ）. The deficiency incidence of serum iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 were 4. 7%, 13.6%, 0. 9% and 0. 5% respectively. The marginal deficiency incidence of sermn folic acid and vitamin B12 were 13. 3% and 1.7% respectively. The average concentration of serum iron in anemia group was lower than that in non-anemia group （P 〈 0. 01 ）. In addition, the incidence of anemic children with serum iron deficiency was higher than those with normal serum iron [ OR = 3.9 （ 95% CI： 2.0- 7.9 ）, P 〈0. 01 ]. Conclusions The nutrition and anemia status of children in rural regions of Shantou city is relatively ideal. It is necessary to propagate the nutrition and health knowledge to the parents and teachers, and adjust the dietary structure to make further improvement of health status of children.