森林低温霜冻灾害干扰研究综述

Research on the disturbance of frost damage to forests

在全球变暖的背景下,森林低温霜冻灾害的发生并没有减少趋势,低温霜冻灾害的发生可能对林木的组织或整个幼树、幼苗产生致命伤害,进而成为林木生长发育,天然或人工更新的一个主要限制因子。森林低温霜冻灾害的发生和危害程度取决于林木生长复杂多变的物理环境和树木的耐冻性,前者又受大尺度环流形势及局地尺度小气候特征的影响。借助于3S技术建立复杂地形下低温和光照的空间分布模型,并结合林木的耐冻性,构建低温霜冻危害评估的概率模型,将有助于提高霜冻灾害的监测和危害评估水平。森林低温霜冻的防御应考虑将物理与生物防霜方法相结合,前者通过建防护林和采取合适的采伐措施,来改善林内地表的辐射平衡;后者则通过生物技术手段来增强林木的耐冻性。需结合霜冻灾害的监测和危害评估模型,对各种不同防霜措施的防霜效果进行定量评估。

The occurrence of frost damage in forest did not show any decrease trends in the condition of global climate warming, the growing season frost could lead severely damage to the tissues of trees and the whole seedlings. Thus, the frost is becoming one of the major limiting factors for tree growth and regeneration. The occurrence and degree of frost damage to the trees are related to the coupling effect of two factorsthe complex environment condition and the cold hardiness of trees, and the former was affected by the large-scale atmospheric circulation and regional microclimate. It will help improve the monitoring and assessment of the frost influences to the forest by coupling the cold hardiness of trees, the spatial the distribution model, which was built based on the factors of radiation and low temperature in a complex topographical condition using 3S technologies, and the probability model. Both physical and biotechnological measures should be taken into account for forest protection under frost impact. The former can balance the energy of near ground surface in forests through establishing protective forest and suitable cutting measures, and later aims at improving the cold hardiness of trees by biotechnological measures. It is therefore, the evaluation for effects of different kinds of frost-prevention measures should combining with the monitoring and evaluation models of frost damage