基于Holdridge和CCA分析的中国生态地理分区的比较

The comparision of ecological geographica regionlization in China based on Holdridge and CCA analysis

在前人工作基础上,对中国自然地理要素与生态地理区域的关系进行了综合分析,采用全国地形、土壤、气候、植被及遥感植被指数等数据,综合分析中国范围生态地理区域的分异规律,制订了生态地理分区的初步方案,并建立了相应的地理信息系统。基于Holdridge模型和CCA分析划分中国生态地理分区,建立了分区的指标体系,得到中国生态分区的大致界线,初步总结了各生态地理分区的地形、植被、气候等综合自然地理特征,完成对中国区域生态地理分区的划分。基于CCA分析的生态地理的分区,不仅结合自然区划和生态地理两种方法,而且加入了生态群落和遥感数据的综合应用。结果显示,由于受到模型适用性及数据误差的原因,基于CCA分析的结果比Holdridge模型的结果更合理一些。

This paper based on the previous work for China, analysed the relationship of the geographical elements and natural ecological geographic area comprehensively, combined remote sensing with traditional ecological analysis method together. Use the national terrain, soil, and climate, vegetation and remote sensing data such as vegetation index to analyse the ecological geographic area range distribution rules, and to make the ecological geographic division of the preliminary program, then to establish the relevant geographic information system. Based on the Holdridge model and CCA analysis to divide China＇s ecological geographic area, this paper established a division index system, and got the general line of Chinese ecological division. Summarise the ecological geographic division of the terrain, vegetation and climate, and other comprehensive natural geographical characteristics and complete regional ecological geographic division preliminarily. Research results show that the two dividing methods have a difference in partition emphasis somewhat, but partitioning results were roughly same. The results of Holdridge model were as same as previous similar studies, in addition to the individual abnormal data, and were in accordance with the actual condition. According to the knowledge table of the 38kinds of life zones of global division, it appeared 32 kinds of life zones in China, in addition to the tropical thorns sparse forests, tropical extremely dry forests, tropical moist forest, tropical humid forest, and tropical rainforests, and other life zone types all have distribution in China. It presents obvious characteristics of the zonal in the space, from the east coast to inland changed by humid forest-grassland-thorn bushes-desert in proper order. From the north to the south it presented obvious latitude differences, changed by cold temperate zone-the warm temperate zone-subtropical zone-tropical zone. At the same time influenced by the factors of relative height, altitude and gradient and aspect of slope, there were some azonal areas. The result based on the analysis of CCA was in accordance with China＇s regional temperature distribution. Using cluster analysis in PC-ORD, and removing individual sample points for the unusual situation caused by altitude, the sample points roughly were divided into 18 districts, and then according to the sample points after the interpolation of the spatial distribution, we got the boundaries of geographic division. By spatial distribution of ecological geographic area in China we can see that the trend of ecological division was similar to the simulation results of Holdridge model approximately. The Tibet Plateau area became an independent ecological geographic area because of its special zonality. Due to complex terrain, there were many ecological geographic divisions staggered to the east and south of the Tibet Plateau. Along the Tianshan mountains boundary in Xinjiang area it was roughly divided into two ecological geographic areas. Because of the northeast region＇s surface structure, the geographical zones in mountains and foothills areas were obviously different from that in the northeast plain and Inner Mongolia plain. The north China plain and the middle of the Yellow River area were splited at Tainhang mountains boundaries into two geographical zones, for obvious reasons such as precipitation, monsoon. From the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe river basin to the middle and lower Yangtze plain, hilly regions in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, it occured as banded extension from west to east in space. The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau differed from the former as a result of its special terrain. South of the tropic of cancer, with a boundary of the south subtropical and tropical two temperature belts of world, it was divided into two ecological geographic zones. At last, the T test results of sample points in the same area were not significant, and showed that partitioning results were reasonable.