不同过程类型双及物小句的语类变异研究

Study of Genre Variation of Ditransitive Clauses of Different Process

本文以系统功能语法为指导,采纳基于用法的语言观,结合真实语料中双及物小句的实际用例,围绕过程类型对其功能语义特征进行分析。研究表明双及物经验意义表征潜势巨大,双及物过程包含能产性最强的物质过程以及心理、言语、行为和关系过程等5种类型。实证考察揭示了不同语类语料库中双及物小句的过程类型、典型动词及语义配置类型的分布特征,即物质过程的强势分布、"GIVE"双及物小句的"一家独大"地位及"人-人给予"语义类别的优势分布数量。分析表明:这些特征主要是由语义动因引起的,语类特征也是影响双及物小句实际使用模式的重要因素。

Within the theoretical framework of systemic function- al grammar, the present paper gives a functional-semantic analysis of ditransitive clauses, using authentic linguistic data from BNC as a basis. The analysis from a usage-based perspective, reveals that there is a huge potentiality for ditransitive mean- ings, and ditransitive processes include material, mental, verbal, behavioural and relational types, among which material is the most productive. Also, there is an empirical study of ditransitive clauses in terms of process types, typical ditransitive verbs and semantic types in corpora of different genres. The statistical data shows that there is a great proportion of material ditransitive clauses, an overwhelming number of ＂GIVE＂ ditransitive clauses and also a preference for ＂human-human GIVING＂ semantic type. The analysis proves that semantic motivations and genre characteristics are two important factors in accounting for the usage patterns of ditransitive clauses.