奥运会期间英国王室的仪式政治

The Ritual Politics of the British Royal Family during the London Olympic Games

大型运动会是展示国家软实力的重要平台。在伦敦奥运会前后,英国王室精心策划了各种社会活动,充分挖掘了媒介事件的仪式政治功能。从国家软实力、媒介事件、景观社会等理论出发,对媒体关于伦敦奥运会的报道进行内容分析、案例分析和对比研究,经过对英国王室仪式活动的分析和研究发现,王室活动具有以下一些政治功能:首先,英国王室是世界上最古老的王室,是英国珍贵的"非物质文化遗产",英国政府允许王室主导奥运会活动,实际上是向世界展示英国软实力的独特魅力;第二,王室成员在系列亲民活动中与普通公众"亲密接触",借助他们的个性魅力展示王室的亲民形象,融洽统治阶级与基层人民的政治关系;第三,回归"普通人"身份的王室成员让公众产生了平等幻觉,模糊了公众对社会差别的认识,唤起和说服英国民众对国家的支持和信仰;第四,王室通过大量的社会活动和外交活动,使国内、外公众对英国王室产生心理和精神依赖,这种"依赖"对内成为团结国家的精神力量,对外成为沟通英联邦的感情纽带。奥运期间,英国王室的公共外交活动给予的启示是:一是,举行大型运动会要注重挖掘民族文化的特色,通过文化多样性传递国家软实力;二是,要注重非物质文化遗产的保护,尤其是不能忽视对行为文化、制度文化的保护。

The sports games is an important platform to show the national soft power. Before and after the Olympic Games in London, the British royal family masterminded a variety of so-cial activities, fully tap the ritual political function of media events, aroused the British people memories to ＂the British Empire＂. This paper use content analysis, case analysis and compara-tive research to study the report on the London Oliympic report from soft power, media events and spectacles society and so on theory, in order to find the strategy and method of which the UK build the national soft power during the Oliympic Games. Through the analysis and re- search on the royal ceremony activity, the paper find that the royal activities has the following some political functions ： First the British royal family is the oldest royal in the world and is the precious ＂intangible cultural heritage＂, the British government allowed the royal leading Olym- pic activties, in fact is to show the charm of the soft power to the world. Second members of the royal family can ＂intimate contact＂ with the general public in the series of activites and they can improve the political relationship between the ruling class and the grassroots people by display their personal charm. Third what members of the rayal family return to ＂common peo-ple＂ status can let the public produce equality illusion, fuzzy public awareness of social differ- ences,arouse and persuaded the British people produce support and faith to the nation. Fouth a large number of social activites and diplomatic activites that the royal family participate in can create psychology and spirit dependence to royal family in the domestic and foreign public, these dependent is a spirit strenthen to unite nation in inner and is a bond of affection to conta- ce the British Commonwealth in the external. During the Olympic Games the British rayal fami-ly＇s public diplomacy activities to our enlightenment is：One is a country must mine the charac-teristic of national culture when it held in a large sports games, display it＇s soft power by cul-trral diversity. The other inspirated that we should focus on the peotection of intangible culteral heritage, especially can＇t neglect the protection to the behavior culture and system culture.