旧石器文化与体育起源的考古学推论

Archaeology Inferences of the Paleolithic Culture and Sports Origins

为解决当前由于研究体育起源方法论的不同而出现的悖论现象,从人类物质活动与体育意识物化的新视角,通过实证研究,描述我国体育起源的大致脉络。采用考古学和体质人类学综合研究方法,以旧石器晚期北京人及其创造的文化为依据,界定体育起源的时空场;论述体育根基文化研究所包含的体质、身体基本活动技能、思维三个基本点是起源的物质基础;论证物质底层、社会组织、精神文化三个文化要素对体育起源的累进效应;阐明我国原始体育形态遗址的文化背景和生态环境。实证研究方法延伸和拓展了体育起源的时空场;体育起源包含了人类物质活动和精神文化两个不同层面的研究范畴。体育根基文化与体育意识的萌发和物化是两个不同历史时期的产物。体育根基文化是研究体育起源的物质前提,在根基文化具有的物质基础上,晚期智人由于生产方式的变革促进了生产力的发展,引发并推动了体育意识物化而成为初始体育形态。

In order to solve the adverse phenomenon of diverse research methodology of sport origins, this article describes the general sequence of the origin of Chinese sports through em- pirical research from the new perspective of human physical activities and materialized con-sciousness. This article usect a comprehensive study of the archaeology and physical anthropolo-gy, in terms of the culture created by Peking Man in the late Paleolithic, to define the space-time of sports origins. This article commented three material bases of sports origins in sports foundation cultural study：physical fitness, basic skills and mind. This article also demonstrates the progressive effects of sport origins by three cultural elements-the material substrate, social organization, and spiritual culture. This article clarified the cultural and ecological background environment of the ancient ruins of original sport in China. The empirical study extended and expanded the space-time of sports origins. The origin of sports includes the study of two dif-ferent levels of both material and spiritual human activities. The germination and materialization of sports foundation culture and physical education consciousness are the product of two differ-ent historical periods. The study of sports foundation culture is the material prerequisites of sports origin. Due to the development of productive forces promoted by the transformation of production mode, the germination and materialization of primitive human physical consciousness are triggered, which initiates and promotes the materialization of sports conscious which later become the initial form of sports.