海南岛造礁石珊瑚资源初步调查与分析

PRELIMINARY SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF THE RESOURCES OF HERMATYPIC CORALS IN HAINAN ISLAND

采用断面法调查于2007年4月至10月对海南岛周边区域的造礁石珊瑚进行调查,结果显示:海南岛周边调查区域造礁石珊瑚有13科95种,优势种为丛生盔形珊瑚、多孔鹿角珊瑚、标准蜂巢珊瑚、五边角蜂巢珊瑚、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚、精巧扁脑珊瑚、梳状菊花珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、二异角孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚等。海南岛周边活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为32.74%,其中东部29.84%、南部44.43%、西部17.38%;死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为3%,其中东部2.29%、南部4.81%、西部1.06%。海南岛造礁石珊瑚补充量为0.44ind/m2,其中东部为0.56ind/m2、南部为0.52ind/m2、西部为0.24ind/m2,总体上,海南岛周边近岸造礁石珊瑚分布状况为南部种类及覆盖度最多,东部次之,西部较少。从地理位置及造礁石珊瑚的空间分布情况来看,海南岛造礁石珊瑚分布呈现由南往北随纬度增高而递减的趋势,分析认为,这主要与珊瑚浮浪幼虫占领新的生境有关。随着近几年过度捕捞、海水养殖、旅游观光等持续进行,海南岛近岸部分区域的造礁石珊瑚呈退化趋势。

The distribution of hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hainan island were investi- gation by the method of Line intercept transect in the April to October of year 2007. The results show that： the hermatypic corals in the survey areas of Hainan island have 13 families 95 species. The domi nant species of hermatypic corals was Galaxea fascicularis; Acropora millepora ; Favia speciosa ; Favites pentagona ; Favites abdita ; Platygyra daedalea ; Goniastrea pectinata ; Porites lutea ; Gonio- pora duofasciata ~ Pavona decussata. The average coverage of the Live hermatypic corals in Hainan is- land was 32.74%, the eastern was 29.84%, the southern was 44.43%. And the western was 17.38%; the average coverage of the dead hermatypic corals 4.81%. The western was 1.06%. The recruitment was 3%, the eastern was 2.29%, the southern was of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island was 0.44 ind/ m2 , the eastern was 0.56 ind/m2 , the southern was 0.52 ind/m2 , and the western was 0.24ind/m2. In addition, the and coverage distribution of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island nearshore is that the most was in the southern, second place was the Eastern and the less was Western. The distribution of her matypic corals in Hainan Island have showed declined with the increase of the latitude from the south to the north. By the spatial distribution of hermatypic corals and the geographical position, by analysis that it was related to the coral metamorphore. The hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hain- an island have received the widespread attention with over fishing, mariculture and sightseeing sustain- able used in recent years.