海洋平台吊机关键技术及发展趋势研究

Research on Key Technology for Offshore Platform Crane and Its Development Trend

海洋平台吊机是海洋钻采平台及工程船舶配套的特种起吊作业设备,在海洋工程和海上油田开发中有着重要作用。概述了海洋平台吊机国内外发展现状,详细描述了海洋平台吊机的产品分类与特点。海洋平台吊机依据其应用场所和作业载荷工况的不同,可派生出多种形式和种类。载荷工况及动态载荷分析、综合承载能力及载荷曲线研究、安全性及可靠性分析、高度集成、高度智能化的控制系统研究、液压系统设计、载荷实时监控及信号处理、主动波浪补偿及恒张力技术等是海洋平台吊机设计与制造的关键技术。提出海洋平台吊机今后应向多样化、高安全可靠性和智能化、集成化趋势发展。

The offshore platform crane is the special lifting equipment matching the offshore drilling and produc-tion platform and engineering vessel. It plays a crucial role in offshore engineering and offshore oilfield develop-ment. The domestic and foreign development in research on offshore platform crane was outlined in the paper. Theclassification and feature of the crane were described in detail. The crane can be divided into more forms and typesaccording to different locations of application and operating load conditions. The key technologies for the design andmanufacture of the crane include load condition and dynamic load analysis, research on comprehensive bearing ca-pacity and load curve, analysis of safety and reliability, research on highly integrated and highly intelligent controlsystem, design of hydraulic system, load real-time monitoring and signal processing and technology of active wavecompensation and constant tension. It is suggested that research on the crane should develop toward diversification,high safety reliability, intelligence and integration.