乡村旅游地居民社区归属感模型构建及应用——以浙江安吉为例

A Structural Model of Residents' Sense of Community in Rural Tourism Destinations and Its Application: A Case Study of Anji County in Zhejiang Province

社区归属感侧重研究居民对本地域社区和人群集合体的认同、喜爱和依恋等心理感觉,关注旅游地居民社区归属感是以人为本思想的具体体现,也是乡村旅游可持续发展的重要前提,目前旅游情景下的社区归属感研究较少。文章通过文献梳理社区归属感与其相关结果变量的关系,构建乡村旅游地居民社区归属感结构模型,以浙江安吉乡村旅游地为例,采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法,探讨旅游情景下社区归属感的影响机制。结果表明:地方依恋、旅游感知、社区参与、居民满意度及旅游获益是乡村旅游地居民社区归属感的5个主要维度,社区归属感对它们均存在显著正向影响,路径系数在0.130～0.728,t值介于5.936～9.215,显著性概率p均小于0.001,所建理论模型成立,拓宽了社区归属感理论框架。培育乡村旅游地居民社区归属感有助于提高居民社区参与程度,增加旅游地居民正面旅游感知,促进居民积极支持旅游发展,利于乡村旅游地社区实施科学的人本管理。

Sense of community is an important theme within studies on community psyehology and tourism geography. It is defined as the psychological feelings attained by local residents as a result of interaction between local community residents and the collective population. A focus on residents＇ sense of community in tourism destination research not only places an emphasis on people, but is also an important premise of sustainable rural tourism. However, there is little research on a sense of community within the tourism arena at present. We analyzed a large amount of relevant literature and reviewed the relationship between a sense of community and its related result variables. We then constructed a model on Sense of Community within Rural Tourism Destinations （SCRTD）. A case study was undertaken in Anji County in Zhejiang Province. Data were collected through 558 survey questionnaires examining place attachment, perception of tourism impacts, community involvement, resident satisfaction and personal benefits gained from tourism. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis （EFA） and Confirmatory Factor Analysis （CFA） methods, we explored five facets of sense of community within rural tourism destinations. We found that sense of community has five main dimensions： place attachment, the perception of tourism impacts, community involvement, resident satisfaction and the personal benefits gained through tourism. The sense of community in rural tourism destinations was significantly positively affected by place attachment, perception of tourism impacts, community involvement, resident satisfaction and personal benefits from tourism.