动脉钳夹联合高胆固醇饮食、维生素D3建立大鼠颈总动脉粥样硬化模型

A rat carotid atherosclerosis model induced by artery damping with high-cholesterol diet and vitamin D3

目的探讨动脉钳夹联合高胆固醇饮食、维生素队建立大鼠颈总动脉粥样硬化模型的可行性。方法20只Wista大鼠随机分为普遍饲料组（n=5）和高胆固醇饮食组（n=15）。高胆固醇饮食组钳夹右侧颈总动脉后，给予高脂饲料饲养并经腹腔注射维生素D，（60万IU／kg）。普遍饲料组和高胆固醇饮食组分别于饲养6周和12周时检测血脂水平，并在12周时取双侧颈总动脉，制备石蜡切片，HE染色，观察血管病理学变化。结果高胆固醇饮食组12周时血清总胆固醇[（2．803±1．307）mmol／L对（1．513±0．281）mmol／L；P=0．017]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[（0．660±0．260）mmol／L对（0．311±0．078）mmol／L；P=0．003]水平显著性高于6周时。组织病理学显示，高胆固醇饮食组钳夹侧颈总动脉内膜不完整，内膜下可见泡沫细胞沉积，腔面可见粥样斑块或纤维斑块，斑块内含有坏死组织，腔内可见血栓形成。12周时，普遍饲料组（n=5）颈总动脉内膜厚度为（8．3±1．1）μm，高胆固醇饮食组假手术侧（n=15）和钳夹侧（n=15）分别为（8．8±0．7）μm和（97．4±25．7）μm，三者存在显著性差异（F=116．313，P=0．000），其中高胆固醇饮食组钳夹侧显著性高于高胆固醇饮食组假手术侧（P=0．000）和普遍饲料组（P=0．000）。结论颈总动脉钳夹联合高胆固醇饮食、维生素D，是一种简单可行的大鼠颈动脉粥样硬化模型建立方法。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a rat carotid atherosclerosis model induced by artery clamping with high-cholesterol diet and vitamin D3 .Methods Twenty Wista rats were randomly divided into either a general diet group （n = 5） or a high cholesterol diet group （n = 15）. After clamping the right common carotid arteries of the rats in the high cholesterol diet group, they were fed with high fat diet, and vitamin D3 （600 000 IU/kg） was injected intraperitoneally. The lipid levels of the general diet group and the high cholesterol diet group were detected at 6 and 12 weeks respectively. The bilateral common carotid arteries were selected for preparing paraffin sections and were stained with HE staining. The pathological changes in blood vessels were observed. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol at 12 weeks （2. 803±1. 307 mmol/L vs. 1. 513± 0. 281 retool/L; P = 0. 017） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （0. 660±0. 260 mmol/L vs. 0. 311±0. 078 mmol/L; P =0. 003） in the high-cholesterol diet group were significantly higher than those at 6 weeks. The histopathological examination showed that the common carotid artery intimas on the clamping sides were incomplete, the foam cell deposition was observed trader intima, the atherosclerotic plaques or fibrous plaques were observed on the surface of cavity, inside the plaques contained necrotic tissue, and thrombosis was observed in the cavity. The common carotid artery intima-media thickness in the general diet group （n =5） at 12 weeks was 8. 3 ± 1.1 μm. The sham-operated sides （n = 20） and clamping sides （n = 20） were 8. 8 ± 0.7 μm and 97. 4 ±25.7μm, respectively. There were significant differences among the three groups （F = 116. 313, P=0. 000）. The clamping sides in the high-cholesterol diet group were significantly higher than the sham-operated sides in the high-cholesterol diet group （P= 0.000） and the general diet group （P= 0.000）. Conclusions Common carotid artery clamping with high-cholesterol diet and vitamin D3 is a simple and feasible method tbr inducing a rat carotid atherosclerosis model.