无居民海岛开发融资机制探讨

Financing Mechanisms for Developing Uninhabited Islands

无居民海岛开发融资机制是决定无居民海岛开发与管理成败的关键问题之一。我国无居民海岛开发的融资机制具有局限性和不稳定性。"马尔代夫模式"表明了BOT模式软化下无居民海岛开发融资机制在投资主体、投资领域以及资金使用等方面得到不断优化,是一个富有活力的投融资制度。基于对融资契约模型的解读,引入保证金和政府补贴融合机制是BOT模式软化下无居民海岛开发融资机制植入社会效益理念的重要机制保障,同时是由无居民海岛的自然属性、社会属性和法律属性所使然。BOT模式软化下无居民海岛开发融资机制为我国无居民海岛开发融资法律制度的完善提供了重要的启示和借鉴,也为培育和发展我国完备的海洋金融法律制度提供了支撑。

A key to developing the infrastructure and natural resources of uninhabited Chinese islands is the success or failure of financing mechanisms. The reality of the development of Maldive ’s uninhabited islands shows that it is feasible to achieve the BOT mode through many approaches, including a main body of investment, areas of investment and domestic capital involvements. When identifying natural, social and legal attributes, the mechanism of the law, namely to construct an organic amalgamation mode with security deposit and governmental subsidies, works to promote financing mechanisms for the marine economy. The amalgamation mode with security deposit and governmental subsidies is playing an important role in perfecting financing mechanism for the development of uninhabited islands under this theory of softening the BOT mode. To develop the marine economy, we need to create marine financial products and services that accord with the needs of the marine economy. Under a softening BOT mode, fundamental support is provided to gradually foster marine financial and law mechanisms. This study demonstrates that categorically applying China’s land property system to uninhabited islands and distribution of the property right of its project assets is inadvisable. The softening of the BOT mode for developing and managing uninhabited islands creates opportunities for innovation of ownership on uninhabited islands in China. We recommend that China adopt preferential financial policies to encourage development of far off-shore uninhabited islands and establish specialized banks for marine development.