热损伤预防——军事训练上的展望

Heat Injury Prevention——A Military Training Perspective

军事行动和训练经常在极端环境和高代谢的条件下实施,暴露在高温环境下,工作负荷大。环境因素和行为因素决定热应激。这些因素的结合可导致热相关的损伤。热相关的损伤代表着职业上的危险,特别是对于从温和区域迅速部署到热环境中的士兵。传统上,对热的适应被认为是生理上的适应,但是这些损伤应该被设定为可预见和可避免的损伤,通过遵循一些简单的指导、教育和行为上的适应,可有效地进行预防。

Military operations and training are often executed under extreme environmental and metabolic condi- tions. These may involve exposure to high ambient temperatures and high workloads. The combination of environ- mental factors behavioral factors determines heat stress. This malicious combination may result in a ＂heat related injury＂. Heat - related injuries are a significant occupational risk in the armed forces, especially for those soldiers who are rapidly deployed from a temperate climate region to hot climate regions. Traditionally, adaptation to heat was considered as a matter of physiological adaptation. Today, these injuries should be visualized as foreseeable and avoidable accidents, and their prevention can be attained by following a few simple guidelines when applying proper education and behavioral adaptations.