消释死亡恐惧:马克思“关系”死亡论对传统死亡论的超越

Dispelling the Fear of Death: How Marxist “Relation” Based Thanatopsis Overcomes Traditional Theory of Death

市场境遇下死亡意识产生异化,呈现"物质化、个己化、单面化"表征,造成民众恐惧死亡意识越来越严重。哲学视域中的传统死亡本质理论灵魂论死亡观、道德论死亡观、存在论死亡观等局限于对个体死亡维度的认识,没能从社会关系群体角度辩证地揭示死亡本质,对超越死亡恐惧的作用是有限的。马克思"关系"死亡论从"人"的本质出发,揭示"死亡是人的现实关系的终止",并把死亡看作是生命中不可或缺的因子,也是现实关系得以调整和延续的要求,死亡具有诸多积极价值。马克思"关系"死亡论可以改换死亡意识异化的态势,从而消释人们对死亡的恐惧。

In modern market society the consciousness of death is alienated and takes on the characteristics of ＂reification, loneliness and one-dimensionality,＂ and the public＇s fear of death is becoming more and more serious. Understanding the nature of death in philosophy produced the theory of ＂soul after death, moral concept of death, ontological concept of death＂ and other point of view, but these ideas are often mired in the understanding of death on the dimension of individual, and couldn＇t really reveal the nature of death from the perspective of groups. Therefore its power to transcend the fear of death is limited. Centering on the essence of ＂people,＂ Marxist ＂relation＂ based thanatopsis reveals that the ＂death is the termination of the social relationship;＂ it sees death as an integral part of life which adjusts social relations and continuity. Marxist ＂relation＂ based thanatopsis can help people dissolve the present mistakes about the essence of death, so as to dispel the fear of death.