从确认到竞争:人大代表选举的现存问题与改革向度

From Confirmation to Competition: existing problems and reform directions in our Congressional Delegates election system

人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,人大代表选举制度是人民代表大会制度的重要组成部分。在实践中,由于"确认型选举"的程序设计,协商酝酿程序欠缺透明度,间接选举过程中存在多层代理问题,单位选区划分法易导致人为操纵选举,高投票率往往需要行动动员来实现,人大代表兼职化影响履职效果。在公民参政需求日益增长的现实背景下,人大代表选举制度的改革向度应从"组织确认"向"有序竞争"转变,增强产生正式候选人程序的公开性,健全候选人与选民见面制度,适当引进竞选机制,逐步扩大直接选举范围,促进人大代表专职化。

The People＇s Congress is an essential aspect of our nation＇s political system. How to elect the congressional delegates from among the people is a major part of our congressional system. In practice, due to a procedural design that emphasizes confirmation of candidacy, the consultation process lacks transparency and the problem with multi-level proxy in an indirect election system is pronounced. Division of electoral districts according to work unit often leads to manipulation of election results; high turnout rates has to be accomplished through mass mobilization; the part-time nature of the position adversely impact delegate performance. In the face of mounting pressure for real public participation, the delegate election system must shift from one of confirmation by organization towards that of orderly competition. Such a shift can better ensure openness in candidate selection, improve candidate-constituent interaction, gradually expand direct election coverage, and assist in the professionalization of the delegate position.