ICU患者医院感染相关因素分析及预防对策

Related factors of nosocomial infections in ICU patients and prevention countermeasures

目的探讨ICU患者医院感染相关因素及其预防对策,旨在为临床降低医院感染率提供参考依据。方法选择ICU收治的重症患者318例,采用经过培训的专职人员进行调查分析。结果 318例患者中发生医院感染101例,医院感染发生率为31.76%,其中13例存在两个感染部位;复合外伤患者医院感染率和死亡率最高,分别为63.41%和43.90%;在144例次被感染患者中,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,达68.06%;呼吸机的使用、动静脉插管以及抗菌药物的应用对ICU患者医院感染的影响差异有有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强患者临床病情的监测、严格执行无菌操作、合理使用抗菌药物,能降低ICU患者医院感染的发生,促进患者的康复。

OBJECTIVE To probe into the related factors and preventive measures of nosocomial infections in the ICU patients so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. METHODS A total of 318 cases of severe patients in the ICU were enrolled in the study, then the survey was conducted by the specialized and trained staff. RESULTS Of totally 318 cases of patients investigated, the nosocomial infections occurred in 101 cases with the incidence rate of 31. 76%, among which there were 13 cases with two sites being infected. The incidence of nosocomial infections and the mortality of the complex trauma patients were the highest, which were 63.41% and 43.90%, respectively. Of totally 144 case-times of patients being infected, the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were predominant, accounting for 68.06%. The use of ventilator, vascular catheterization, and use of antibiotics were related to the incidence of nosocomial infections in the ICU patients, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION To strengthen the monitoring of the clinical condition, rigidly implement the aseptic operation, and reasonably use antibiotics can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in the ICU patients and promote the rehabilitation.