氮肥对不同玉米品种子粒微量元素含量和生物有效性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Micronutrient Concentrations and Bioavailability in the Grain of Different Maize Varieties

研究田间施用氮肥对吉林省4个玉米品种子粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量以及Zn与Fe生物有效性的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可增加玉米子粒中Zn、Fe含量,过量施氮玉米子粒中Zn和Fe含量不再增加甚至呈下降趋势;子粒中Mn含量随氮肥增加而提高,Cu含量随氮肥增加而降低,4个品种中只有吉四单19在过量施氮时子粒Mn含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥水平提高,玉米子粒中Zn、Fe和Mn累积量呈递增趋势,Cu累积量变化不显著。全磷与这些矿物质元素的比值(P/Zn、P/Fe)表明,氮肥施用将显著降低玉米子粒中Zn和Fe的生物有效性。

The effects of nitrogen（N） fertilization on the Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations in maize grain and the bioavailability of Zn and Fe were investigated with four varieties under field conditions in Jilin province. The results showed that N application increased the grain Zn and Fe concentrations, but they tended to decrease while N application rate further increasing. The concentrations of grain Mn increased along with N application rate increasing, while the concentrations of Cu presented decreasing trends. The total accumulations of grain Zn, Fe and Mn increased significantly along with N application rate increasing, however, there were no significant changes in the total accumulation of grain Cu caused by N fertilization. According to changes of P/Zn and P/Fe ratios, N fertilization significantly reduced the bioavailability of Zn and Fe in maize grain. The results indicated that it is important to make a trade-off between the effects of N application on crop yield, N use efficiency and grain quality.