可分解型磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的合成研究

Preparation of Destructible Sulfonic Surfactants

0 .3mol脂肪醛与 0 .4mol原甲酸三乙酯在 1g硝酸铵催化下于 8～ 10℃反应 8h得到脂肪醛缩二乙醇 (Ⅰ) (收率 >5 0 % ) ;Ⅰ在磺基水杨酸的催化下于 110℃与丙三醇反应〔n(丙三醇 )∶n(Ⅰ) =3∶1〕并蒸馏除去生成的乙醇 ,得到 2 烷基 4 羟甲基 1,3 二氧杂环戊烷 (Ⅱ) (收率 >80 % ) ;最后等物质的量的Ⅱ、1,3 丙基磺酸内酯和氢氧化钠于 60～ 65℃反应 8h ,得到系列可分解磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂 [3 (2 烷基 1,3 二氧杂环戊烷基 4 甲氧基 )丙磺酸钠 ](Ⅲ) ,收率 >90 %。

A series of destructible sulfonic surfactants(Ⅲ){sodiu m 3-[(2-heptyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate;sodium 3 -[(2-nonyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate;sodium 3-[ (undecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate}with 1,3-dioxola ne ring were prepared by three steps.(a) A series of acetals (Ⅰ) were prepared by reaction of aldehydes and triethyl orthoformate at 8-10 ℃ under the catalys is of ammonium nitrate (50% yield).(b)The cyclic glycerol actals (Ⅱ) were prepa red by transacetalation of Ⅰ with glycerol at 110 ℃ (80% yield).(c) Then the intermediates Ⅱ reacted with inner ester of 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid a nd sodium hydroxide at 60-65 ℃ for 8 h to give Ⅲ (90% yield).The structure id entification was performed using elementary analysis,IR and 1 HNMR.