188例芦山地震伤员伤情分类及早期康复策略

Injury Categorization and Early Rehabilitation Strategy of 188 Victims of Lushan Earthquake

目的分析雅安及周边地区医院和四川大学华西医院收治的188例芦山地震伤员伤情及功能障碍、康复现状及需求,以指导下一步康复医疗工作。方法采用现场调查的方法对"4.20"芦山地震后1～9天雅安及周边地区7所医院、2所卫生院122例伤员,以及四川大学华西医院收治的66例伤员的伤情进行调查,而后进行统计分析。结果震后1～9天,雅安及周边地区医院共收治122例芦山地震伤员。其伤情分类为:上肢骨折占12.30%、下肢骨折占42.62%、脊柱骨折占16.39%(手术治疗占25.00%、未手术治疗占75.00%)、骨盆骨折占1.64%、肋骨骨折占4.10%、颅脑损伤占10.66%、软组织挫裂伤占8.20%、其他占4.09%。同期,四川大学华西医院康复科共收治66例芦山地震伤员,伤情分类为骨折77.27%、颅脑损伤3.03%、脊髓损伤4.55%、其他(包括软组织损伤)15.15%。至震后第9天,雅安及周边地区122例伤员中,8例(6.56%)已恢复生活自理能力,114例(93.44%)仍需强化康复治疗。同期,华西医院收治66例伤员中,1例(1.52%)已恢复生活自理能力,65例(98.48%)仍需强化康复治疗。结论早期运用主动运动、抬高患肢、物理治疗、定时翻身、心理干预等康复治疗,可促使地震伤员早期回归家庭和社会。

Objective To analyze the injury and dysfunction as well as the rehabilitation status and demand of the 188 Lushan earthquake victims admitted in the hospitals in and around Ya＇an city and the West China Hospital of Si- chuan University, so as to provide guidance for the rehabilitation work in the following step. Methods By means of the onsite investigation, 122 victims admitted in 7 hospitals and 2 health centers in and around Ya＇an city within 1-9 days af- ter Lushan earthquake, and the other 66 victims treated in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were analyzed. Results The injury categorization of 122 victims in and around Ya＇an city was as follows： upper limb fracture （12.30%）, lower limb fracture （42.62%）, spine fracture （16.39%） （25.00% treated by surgery and 75.00% treated by non-surgery treat- ment）, pelvis fracture （1.64%）, rib fracture （4.10%）, traumatic brain injury （10.66%）, soft tissue contusion （8.20%）, and others （4.09%）. At the corresponding period, the injury categorization of 66 victims treated in the department of rehabili- tation medicine of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University was as follows： fracture （77.27%）, traumatic brain inju- ry （3.03%）, spinal cord injury （4.55%）, and others, including soft tissue injury （15.15%）. At the ninth day after earthquake, among the 122 victims in and around Ya＇an city, 8 victims （6.56%） were recovered with self-care ability of daily living, and the other 144 （93.44%） still needed the strengthened rehabilitation treatment. At the corresponding period, among the 66 victims in the West China Hospital, one victim （1.52%） was recovered with self-care ability of dally living, and the other 65 （98.48%） still needed the strengthened rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion Early rehabilitation treatment such as active exercise, elevating injured limbs, physical therapy, turning over at regular time, and psychological intervention can help the earthquake victims to return to home and society early.