巴基斯坦俾路支民族主义探析

On Nationalism in Pakistan's Baluchistan

巴基斯坦俾路支民族主义是族裔民族主义的典型个案,多次引发暴力冲突。巴基斯坦历届政府尝试了多种政策;但是,从军事高压到政治怀柔和经济发展的努力,都没有取得明显效果。基于俾路支民族主义的历史演进过程,本文认为,俾路支问题之所以长期存在,主要是因为:第一,俾路支民族主义力量同巴联邦政府的关系,被简化为不同族群之间控制与反控制的斗争;第二,双方互不信任,联邦政府的政策初衷同政策执行过程以及俾路支民族主义力量对相关政策的解读及其宣传之间,存在较大鸿沟且难以协调。各种政策都难见成效。第三,地区和国际政治力量的插手与干预。

Pakistan＇s Baluehistan is typical case in terms of inter-sub-nationalism which intrigued violence several times. The official policies adopted by the Pakistan government, from military oppression to political conciliation or economic development, have not brought evident effects out. Three reasons to explain the long term existence of Baluchistan nationalism based on the observation of its historical revolution： 1 ） The relationship between the Pakistan federal government and the Baluchistan nationalist force has been simplified as the struggle among ethnic groups, for control or counter-control; 2） lack of trust; 3 ） Regional and international interference.