“永世流浪的犹太人”形象之起源及流布

The Origin and the Flow of the lmagine of "the Wandering Jew's"

脱胎于同名传奇的"永世流浪的犹太人"形象并非由来已久。该形象源自晚近的13世纪,一开始在基督教圈中并无多少影响。但在宗教改革后,该形象突然得到迅猛传播并借助于印刷品越发流行,成为欧洲妇孺尽知的人格化形象,且作为犹太人被诅咒性的身份隐喻而代表着他们永恒的散居生存状态。随19世纪末种族卫生及精神病理话语的渗入,该形象又被认为是犹太人身体病态的具体表征。该形象被以讹传讹,流毒甚剧,从而产生了十分巨大的影响力;甚至连一些主张复国的犹太人也接受了这一形象,但却对之作了民族化的阐释。对该形象的制作、规训、传衍、推广,充分凸显出他者想象下的权力运作、话语控制及文化博弈。

Borne from the same legend, the image of ＂the Wandering Jews＂ wasn＇t originated from time immemorial. Formed in the 13th century, it has little influence on the camp of Christianity in the beginning. But this image had suddenly gained fast dissemination and become more and more popular since the Reformation. And it had become a stereotype image of Jews personifying the Jewish people in Europe and served as a metaphor for their eternal living condition in Diaspora. With the penetration of the discourse of the Race-Hygiene and Psychopathology in the end of 19th century, it was also deemed as the representation of the physical disease rooted in the Jew＇s soul. Such views snowball an error and produced tremendous influence. Even some Zionists internalized and elaborated it in a nationalistic way. An analysis of the creation, regulation, transmission and popularity of the image can distinctly highlight the power operation, the discourse control, and the cultural gaming that is lurked under the imagination of ＂the other＂.