启蒙的自我批判:论卢梭与启蒙运动

Self-criticism of Enlightenment:on Rousseau and Enlightenment

在现代政治思想中,卢梭与启蒙运动的关系问题是理解启蒙思想与卢梭思想的关键。卢梭在分享启蒙运动基本前提的同时批判了启蒙思想。卢梭与启蒙哲人在生存境况、知识与德性关联、宗教问题方面的交汇与分歧为我们提供了卢梭思想实质的重要面向。而卢梭对德性基础的追问使启蒙哲人的社会思想走向了不同的道路,从而为现代社会建立了不同的思想基础。

In the modern political thinking, the relationship between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Enlightenment is the key to understand the thoughts of the Enlightenment and Rousseau. Rous- seau criticized the Enlightenment Thought while he was sharing the precondition of the Enlightenment Movement. They shared and disagreed on such issues as environment, association of knowledge with virtue, and religion and thus directed us to the most important aspects of their thoughts. And Rousseau＇s inquiry of the foundation of virtue caused his social thoughts to follow a different way from others, forging the diversified thoughts on which the modern society is built.