衡阳市育龄妇女对出生缺陷相关的知识、态度、行为的调查

KAP Survey on Birth Defects Among the Reproductive Women in Hengyang City

目的了解衡阳市育龄妇女掌握出生缺陷和优生的知识水平、相关态度及行为,为制定出生缺陷干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取现况调查的方法,2012年1月～7月在衡阳市内抽取4个社区及衡南县、衡阳县各2个村,每区(村)约随机抽取50～70名18～45周岁、在当地居住5年以上的育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果本次调查共收回问卷490份,其中有效问卷479份。调查结果显示:衡阳市育龄妇女对出生缺陷知识各题的答对率为18.79%～94.99%,平均答对率47.41%,育龄妇女年龄和文化程度对大部分出生缺陷知识影响有统计学意义;育龄妇女预防出生缺陷具体服务项目的认同率在60%以上,不同文化程度和城乡中育龄妇女对各项检查的认同率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);已婚妇女中做婚检和参加新婚知识或优生知识学习的比例分别为44.12%和25.16%。结论衡阳市育龄妇女对出生缺陷知识掌握的水平偏低,婚检和参加新婚知识或优生知识学习的比例较低,对预防出生缺陷具体服务项目的认同率较高,应加强对育龄妇女特别是低文化水平和农村妇女的出生缺陷知识水平和出生缺陷各项检查的宣传力度。

Objective To provide scientific evidence for taking the intervening measure on birth defects through analyzing KAP on birth defects and prepotency among the reproductive women in Hengyang City.Method Taking invertory survery methods,from January to July 2012,four communities in Hengyang city and 2 villages respectively in Hengnan county and Hengyang county were selected by stratifying sampling,and 50~70 reproductive women,who were 18~45 year-old and inhabited over 5 years,were surveyed.Result In this survey,out of 490 questionnaires,there was 479 valid questionnaires,and the response rate was 98.0%.The correct rate for birth defects knowledge is 18.79% ~ 94.99% for women of childbearing age in Hengyang City,and the average correct rate is 47.41%.Childbearing age and culture degree of women have a statistically significant effect on birth defects knowledge.The recognition rate of childbearing age women for the specific service programme of preventing birth defects is more than 60%.Cultural degree and urban or rural area have statistically signifcant difference on the recognition rate（P0.05）;the proportion of receiving premartial exam and participating in studying engenics knowledge is 44.12% and 25.16% respectively.Conclusion The level of mastering the birth defects knowledge in childbearing women of HengYang is relatively low.The proportion of receiving premarital exam and participating in studying eugenics knowledge is comparatively low.The recognition rate for the specific service programme of preventing birth defects is comparatively high.The knowledge level and exam for birth defects should be strengthened in childbearing women especially those with low culture degree and rural women.