背信犯罪解释论及立法论探讨

On the Theory of Interpretation and Legislation of Perfidy Crime

背信罪是伴随资本主义市场经济的发展和社会化的高度分工而出现的罪名。我国《刑法》分则中存在众多而零散的背信犯罪条文,但条文设计却具有相当的随意性,而且偏向于对国有公司、企业的特殊保护。我国已经进入市场经济时代,为有效保护法益,增设背信罪势在必行。通过条文的合理设计,完全可以避免背信罪成为新的口袋罪而侵犯人权。在增设背信罪之前,我们应当充分运用竞合论原理,将背信犯罪行为作为侵占罪、职务侵占罪、诈骗罪、故意毁坏财物罪等相应犯罪处理。评价背信行为造成的财产损害,应采取经济的财产说,原则上不处罚背信犯罪行为的片面对向犯。

Perfidy crime emerged with the development of capitalism market economy and high specializa- tion of labor. There are many regulations on perfidy crime scattering through the eriminal law of China. These regulalions are arbitrarily designed and tend to offer special protection to state-nwned companies and entrepre- neurs. In a market economy era, perfidy crime must be added to guarantee legal rights. It is possible to prevent perfidy crime fi＇om becoming a new pocket crime and infringing human rights by designing the regulations ra- tionally. Before perfidy crime is added, the theory of occurrence shall be thoroughly applied. Thus, perfidy crime can be trealed as a crime similar to crime of encroachment, duty encroachment, crime of fraud, crime of intenlional destruction or damage of properties and so on. The theory of property can be adopted in evaluating the pecuniary loss caused by a party＇ s perfidy. In prineiple, lopsided symmetric offence shall not be punished.