中国对虾、南美白对虾和斑节对虾肌肉营养成分的比较

Comparision of nutritional compositions in muscles of Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus vannamei Boone and Penaeus japonicuss Bate

对中国对虾、南美白对虾和斑节对虾肌肉的营养成分进行了测定,分析比较了其基本营养成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸的组成,并对其营养品质进行了评价。结果表明:斑节对虾的水分含量和粗脂肪含量高于中国对虾和南美白对虾,南美白对虾的粗蛋白含量高于中国对虾和斑节对虾。中国对虾、南美白对虾和斑节对虾中均检测到17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为78.89%、80.67%和74.57%,鲜味氨基酸总量分别为30.83%、31.52%和29.11%。3种对虾的必需氨基酸指数分别为67.51、70.36和63.21,其中蛋+胱氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸均较低。棕榈酸和油酸分别是饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸中含量最高的脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的总量分别为24.20%、24.69%和23.65%。

Nutritional components in muscles of Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus vannamei Boone and Penaeus japonicuss Bate were determined and analyzed, including the essential nutritional compositions, fatty acids and amino acids. Results showed that the contents of water and crude fat in Penaeus japonicuss Bate were higher than those in Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus vannamei Boone. The content of crude protein in Penaeus vannamei Boone was higer than that in Penaeus chinensis and in Penaeus japonicuss Bate. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were detected in three kinds of prawns. The total content of amino acid was 78.89%, 80.67% and 74.57% and the total content of delicious amino acid was 30.83%, 31.52% and 29.11% respectively in Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus vannamei Boone and Penaeus japonicuss Bate. And essential amino acid index was 67.51, 70.36 and 63.21 respectively. Met＋Cys, lie and Val were the three lowest. The contents of palmitic acid and oleic acid were highest respectively in saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids. The total contents of eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic （DHA） were 24.20%, 24.69% and 23.65% respectively in Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus vannamei Boone and Penaeus japonicuss Bate.