宝安区三类重点人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率及其影响因素的分析

Research of Influenza A(H1N1)Vaccine Coverage and Its Influential Factors among Focus groups in Bao’an District, Shenzhen City

目的:了解宝安区医务人员、中小学生及托幼机构人员三类重点人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率及其影响因素。方法:在宝安区所辖的医疗机构、中小学校和托幼机构中随机抽取770名医务人员、1 549名学生和530名托幼人员作为调查对象进行匿名问卷调查。采用卡方检验分别对疫苗接种率的影响因素进行单因素分析。结果:医务人员甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种率为55.03%,宝安区中小学生接种率为30.39%,托幼人员接种率为39.96%;三类人群未接种的主要原因是怕出现疫苗不良副反应,分别占39.10%、36.81%、39.10%;医务人员不同文化程度、医疗岗位、工作年限、是否知道甲流疫苗接种时间和近3年是否接种过季节性流感疫苗间存在统计学差异(P<0.05),学生年龄、监护人职业、是否知道甲流疫苗接种时间、是否认为甲流疫苗能预防甲流和近3年是否接种过季节性流感疫苗间存在统计学差异(P<0.05),托幼机构人员不同性别、文化程度、托幼岗位、工作年限和近3年是否接种过季节性流感疫苗间存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:宝安区医务人员接种率高于中小学生和托幼机构人员,应加强对医务人员、中小学生和托幼机构人员三类重点人群甲流疫苗有效性、安全性和接种相关知识宣传。

To study the influenza A （H1N1） vaccine coverage and influential factors among health-care workers and students in Bao ＇an district, Shenzhen city. Methods： A survey of random sampling was carried out for 1 549 students, 770 health-care workers and 530 childcare staff with anonymous questionnaire. The 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used for the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to evaluate the influential factors of the influenza A （H1N1） vaccine coverage. Results：The influenza A （H1NI） vaccine coverage of students and health-care workers in Bao＇an district were 30. 39%, 55. 03%, 39. 96%, respectively. The main unvaccinated reason of the three groups was concerning about side effects, accounting for 39. 10%, 36.81%, 39. 10%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the students＇ age, the custodian occupation, knowing the influenza A （H1N1） vaccination time, and with a seasonal influenza A （H1N1）vaccination in the past three years were correlated with influenza A （HIND vaccination in students（P〈0. 05）. Educational level, medical posts, working life, knowing the time of influenza A （H1N1） vaccination and with a seasonal influenza vaccination in the past three years were correlated with influenza A （H1N1） vaccination in health-care workers. Conclusion： The influenza A （H1N1） vaccine coverage of health-care workers in Bao＇ an was higher than that of students and childcare staff. It is necessary to strengthen the three groups＇ propaganda of influenza A （H1N1） vaccine effectiveness, security and inoculation knowledge.