犬伪狂犬病病毒致病机理研究进展

Progress on Canine Pseudorabies

犬通常由于食入带有伪狂犬病病毒的猪肉及其相关产品而发生伪狂犬病。该病发病急,病程短,症状明显,剖检可见广泛性出血,脑干的组织学变化最明显,借助免疫组化主要在神经细胞内发现病毒抗原,但有些病变严重区域病原检出量却很少。目前主要通过构建伪狂犬病病毒的基因突变株研究病毒蛋白在病毒感染过程中的机理。病毒在神经中的转运主要有顺轴突转运和逆轴突转运。奇痒和死亡可能并非源于中枢神经系统感染,而更可能是由于宿主的免疫反应或外周神经系统损伤所致。

Dogs are infected with pseudorabies virus usually by eating contaminated raw pork or offals.Onset of the disease is sudden,with a short course and evident symptoms.Autopsy shows extensive hemorrhage.Histological examination reveals lesions located mainly in brainstem.Viral antigens are mainly detected in neurons by immunohistochemistry.However,little PRV antigens are found in areas of severe damage.The pathogenesis of viral proteins is revealed by constructing mutant strains currently.Anterograde and retrograde spread is the main transporting mode.Pruritus and death of virulent infection are probably a result of the host immune system response,or peripheral nervous system injury,rather than the results of viral encephalitis.