孤独症儿童对静态和动态视向提示信息的加工

Cognitive processing on social cuing information in children with autism

目的:探索在静态和动态呈现条件下孤独症儿童对视向提示信息加工的特征。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)孤独症诊断标准的儿童和年龄性别匹配的正常对照儿童各10名。通过1张图片形成的静态视向提示和5张图片形成的动态视向提示,采用2(组别:孤独症儿童,正常儿童)×2(呈现方式:静态,动态)×2(提示性:有效提示,无效提示)的重复测量方差分析,比较两组儿童在不同呈现方式下的视向提示反应的正确率和反应时。结果:在静态条件下,孤独症儿童识别视向的正确率低于正常对照组儿童[(94.8±1.3)%vs.(99.5±1.3)%,P<0.05],且反应时较长[(470.2±23.8)ms vs.(389.2±23.8)ms,P<0.05];在动态条件下,有效提示的识别正确率高于无效提示[(98.8±0.5)%vs.(93.8±0.3)%,P<0.05],且有效提示的反应时短于无效提示[(463.1±19.7)ms vs.(504.8±21.4)ms,P<0.01],孤独症儿童的反应时长于正常对照组儿童[(544.6±28.4)ms vs.(423.3±28.4)ms,P<0.05]。结论:本研究发现提示孤独症儿童存在与正常儿童一样的视向注意转移,并无特异性视向注意损伤,孤独症儿童对动态视向信息加工可能较静态视向信息加工更敏感。

Objective： To investigate the cognitive processing characteristics under static and dynamic condi- tion in children with autism using gaze cuing task. Methods： Ten children with autism who were diagnosised ac- cording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV）, and l0 age-and gender-matched normal children were selected. One picture formed static gaze cuing and 5 pictures formed dynamic gaze cuing. A 2 （ autistic and normal children） x 2 （ static and dynamic condition） x 2 （ valid and invalid gaze cu- ing） repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted. The correct rate and reaction time in the two groups in different condition were analyzed. Results： Under static conditions, the autistic children showed lower correct rate [ （94. 8 ± 1.3） % vs. （99.5 ±1.3） %, P 〈 0. 05] and longer reaction time than normal children [ （470. 2 ± 23.8） ms vs. （389.2 ± 23.8） ms, P 〈 0. 05]. Under dynamic conditions, the reaction time to targets were shorter [ （463.1 ± 19.7） ms vs. （504. 8 ±21.4） ms, P 〈0. 05] and the correct rates were higher in valid conditions than in invalid conditions [（98.8±0. 5）% vs. （93.8±0. 3）%, P 〈0. 05]. The reaction time was longer in children with autism than in normal children [ （544. 6 ± 28.4） ms vs. （423.3 ±28.4） ms, P 〈 0. 05]. Conclusion： It suggests that autis- tic children have the same attention shifts triggered by gazes as normal children and may have no specific attention defect in gaze processing. Autistic children may appear to be more sensitive to dynamic gazes than to static ones.