关于气象能见度理论与观测的讨论

Basis theory and observation of meteorological visibility

为了澄清气象能见度理论与应用方面的概念,促进气象能见度观测技术的发展,从大气能见度与视觉现象出发,根据大气散射和辐射传输理论,明确了气象能见度的量值约束与物理含义,考察了若干典型天气条件下气象能见度的特征,给出了灯光能见距离、气象光学视程与气象能见度的关系。在此基础上,讨论了气象能见度观测的基本原理、存在问题和改进思路。研究成果对于气象能见度观测的误差分析、方法改进和资料比对,以及空间斜程能见度的探测具有参考价值。

It is essential to clarify the concept of meteorological visibility theory and applicaion and to pro- mote meteorological visibility observation technology. According to the theory on scattering and radiation transfer in the atmosphere, the visibility in atmosphere and visual phenomenon was first discussed, and then the measure constraints and physical meaning of meteorological visibility were analyzed. Various characteres of meteorological visibility on typical weather condition were studied. The relationship between visual range of lighting, meteorological optical range and meteorological visibility was also introduced. The basic principle of meteorological visibility observation was discussed, existing problems analyzed, and the modified method proposed. The research results provide a reference to error analysis, method improvement and the data comparison on meteorological visibility observation. The results is also valuable in visibility exploration on space slanting route.