庙宇、神像、香火:诸葛亮祭祀的泛民间化——明清时期四川武侯祠、庙的空间分布特征及原因

Temples,Statues,and Incenses: the Large-scaled Folk Worship of Zhuge Liang——The spatial distribution characteristics and causes of Temples of Marquis Wu in Sichuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

武侯祠、庙是三国末期以后为由巴蜀而荆襄进而普及到全国的纪念蜀汉丞相诸葛亮的祠宇。明清时期四川武侯祠、庙大量涌现,官民共祭,成为一个突出的文化地理现象。武侯祠、庙不仅是各地统治者教化民众的工具,也是民间百姓对诸葛亮信仰认可的表现。本文从历史、人文、地理的角度阐释明清时期武侯祠、庙在四川地区的分布状况及影响因素,揭示出武侯祠、庙的分布差异及其与自然环境和社会发展之间的关系。同时也表明,对诸葛亮的祭祀与崇拜在中国封建社会后期已经深入到城乡社会各个角落,成为中国民间精神信仰的重要组成部分,从一个侧面折射了诸葛亮在中国历久弥新的深远影响。

Temple of Marquis Wu is the temple to commemorate the Shu -Han prime Minister Zhuge Liang, which was first built in Bashu,then in Jingxiang,and spread all over the country after the end of the Three King- doms period. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Temples of Marquis Wu were build in Sichuan, and the co - worship by government and people became a prominent phenomenon of cultural geography. Temple of Mar- quis Wu was not only the tool of the rulers to moralize ordinary people,but also the indication of common people＇s faith in Zhuge Liang. From the point of view of the historical human geography this paper explains the distribution and related influencing factors of Temples of Marquis Wu in Sichuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and reveals their different distribution and their relationship between the natural environment and social development. It also shows that the sacrifice and worship went deep into every corner of the country in the late feudal society in China, and has become an important part of the spiritual beliefs of Chinese people, reflecting from one side Zhuge Liang＇ s timeless and far- reaching impact in China.